On this day in New Mexico History - On 20 January 1891, Lt. James Brett, commanding a small caretaker force at Fort Selden, filed the final post return, which reported: "All public property from this post having been disposed of, it was abandoned on this date." That ended Fort Selden's use by the US Army.
Fort Selden (at present day Radium Springs) was established in
1865 in an effort to protect
settlers and travelers in the
Mesilla Valley from desperados and
Mescalero Apache Indians. Built near the banks of the
Rio Grande, the
adobe fort housed units of
U.S. Army Infantry and
Cavalry.The first troops to occupy the fort were companies of the
125th US Colored Infantry Regiment, a group of African-American enlisted soldiers from
Kentucky who had been mustered into the
Union Army near the close of the
American Civil War. Several of the units assigned later, including the
9th US Cavalry and
10th US Cavalry, and stationed at the fort were also composed of black troopers, sometimes referred to as
Buffalo Soldiers. As a testament to their bravery, nine
Buffalo Soldiers received the
Medal of Honor while serving in
New Mexico Territory.
In
1884, Captain
Arthur MacArthur, Jr.,
13th Infantry, was assigned as post commander. With him was his wife and two young sons,
Arthur MacArthur III, age 7, and
Douglas MacArthur, age 4. In his memoirs,
Douglas MacArthur wrote that it was at Fort Selden that he and his brother

learned to ride and shoot, even before we learned to read and write. The MacArthurs spent two years at Fort Selden before Captain
MacArthur was transferred to
Fort Wingate.
By late
1886, the frontier had rapidly changed.
Geronimo's surrender to Brigadier General
Nelson A. Miles at
Skeleton Canyon in
Arizona ended the nation's long
Indian Wars. As a result, Army commander-in-chief, Lt. General
William Tecumseh Sherman, ordered a consolidation of six military posts in southern
New Mexico and eastern
Arizona. He favored a giant, one-square-mile installation large enough to accommodate six troops of
cavalry and six companies of
infantry. Sherman further ordered that the permanent post be located near the junction of the
Santa Fe Railroad and the
Southern Pacific Railroad in southern
New Mexico. For a time, Fort Selden was the leading candidate for the site of the new post, but because the
railroads had brought spectacular growth to the
El Paso, Texas area,
Fort Bliss, was selected.

On This Day In New Mexico History - January 20